Comment

Comment by Steph S. on December 10, 2012 at 6:27am

Cold outside today and windy.

How's everyone?

Comment by Steph S. on December 9, 2012 at 11:05pm

Yes, thanks Melinda for starting the wonderful discussion with your photo on the term murmuration. Learning is fun.

Comment by Dallas the Phallus on December 9, 2012 at 10:39pm

Murmuration is a beautiful word.

Comment by Joan Denoo on December 9, 2012 at 10:34pm

Dallas, the video you suggested for us was titled, 

amazing starlings murmuration (full HD) -www.keepturningleft.co.uk

I very much like the music, Pachelbel's Canon in D.

Comment by Joan Denoo on December 9, 2012 at 10:12pm

This has been a great adventure into the lives and flights of starlings and all the factors that are involved in their behaviors. Nature, with all its complexities, constantly amazes me. With all the colors, shapes, personalities in the avian world alone could keep one occupied for a lifetime. 

Dallas, thanks for the great wealth of information you supplied, and the introduction of the new word, "murmuration". A real keeper. Your paragraph about models of flocking behavior seems it would fit when trying to get a group of people on board for a project:

"Basic models of flocking behavior are controlled by three simple rules:

1. Separation - avoid crowding neighbors (short range repulsion)
2. Alignment - steer towards average heading of neighbors
3. Cohesion - steer towards average position of neighbors (long range attraction)

Tony, the "congress of baboons" fits perfectly. Maybe we can laugh a little more as we try to influence votes of our representatives. Perhaps ribbing them a bit when they make a "bad" call. Like, we can write to them saying, "I realize you are a congress of baboons but .... ". Well, that probably wouldn't get us anywhere, but it might keep us from getting so up-tight about their absurdities. 

Melinda, see what you started with your wonderful photo of "murmuration" of starling photo! A delightful adventure. Thanks. 

Comment by Steph S. on December 9, 2012 at 10:09pm

Joan, Dallas and Tony thanks for all the wonderful posts.

Been busy - so I got behind.

Thanks! Very much appreciated.

Comment by Dallas the Phallus on December 9, 2012 at 8:35pm

Joan: Your word "murmuration" is new to me. Here I got the to encyclopedia ... "Murmuration of starlings: a flock—Lydgate,", "

"A colony of beavers, a chattering of choughs, a gang of elk, a business of ferrets, a leap of leopards, a pride of peacocks, a sneak of weasels, a murmuration of starlings, a scurry of squirrels, a charm of hummingbirds and an unkindness of ravens.

Yes, go to your library and check out the book An Exaltation of Larks. It gives all the most common collective nouns. 

My favorites are a murder or crows and a beauty of models. Many of the ones you listed are new to me, or I've forgotten about them. I like an unkindness of ravens. 

Comment by Dallas the Phallus on December 9, 2012 at 8:28pm

PART 3

Basic models of flocking behavior are controlled by three simple rules:

1. Separation - avoid crowding neighbors (short range repulsion)
2. Alignment - steer towards average heading of neighbors
3. Cohesion - steer towards average position of neighbors (long range attraction)

With these three simple rules, the flock moves in an extremely realistic way, creating complex motion and interaction that would be extremely hard to create otherwise.

The basic model has been extended in several different ways since Reynolds proposed it. For instance, Delgado-Mata et al. ^[2] extended the basic model to incorporate the effects of fear. Olfaction was used to transmit emotion between animals, through pheromones modelled as particles in a free expansion gas. Hartman and Benes ^[3] introduced a complementary force to the alignment that they call the change of leadership. This steer defines the chance of the boid to become a leader and try to escape. Hemerlijk and Hildenbrandt ^[4] used attraction, alignment and avoidance and extended this with a number of traits of real starlings: first, birds fly according to fixed wing aerodynamics, while rolling when turning (thus losing lift), second they coordinate with a limited number of interaction neighbours of 7 (like in real starlings), third, they try to stay above a sleeping site (like starlings do at dawn) and when they happen to move outwards the sleeping site, they return to it by turning, fourth, they move at relative fixed speed. The authors showed that the specifics of flying behaviour as well as large flocksize and low number of interaction partners were essential to the creation of the variable shape of flocks of starlings.

Comment by Dallas the Phallus on December 9, 2012 at 8:28pm

PART 2

Swarming is a well-known behaviour in many animal species from marching locusts to schooling fish to flocking birds. Emergent structures are a common strategy found in many animal groups: colonies of ants, mounds built by termites, swarms of bees, shoals/schools of fish, flocks of birds, and herds/packs of mammals.

 

Flocking behavior is the behavior exhibited when a group of birds, called a flock, are foraging or in flight. There are parallels with theshoaling behavior of fish, the swarming behavior of insects, and herd behavior of land animals.

From the perspective of the mathematical modeller, "flocking" is the collective motion of a large number of self-propelled entities and is a collective animal behavior exhibited by many living beings such as birds, fish, bacteria, and insects.^[1] It is considered an emergent behavior arising from simple rules that are followed by individuals and does not involve any central coordination.

Comment by Dallas the Phallus on December 9, 2012 at 8:28pm

Joan: I wonder what goes on in their brains that makes them possible to fly so closely together and not crash together and drop from the sky? Two flocks fly side by side in swirls and blend and separate again. It is a fantastic thing to watch.

It's called an emergence. Here are some various excerpts from Wikipedia. They are too long to contain in one comment, so I will continue with 2 or 3 until I get it all in:

PART 1

n philosophy, systems theory, science, and art, emergence is the way complex systems and patterns arise out of a multiplicity of relatively simple interactions. Emergence is central to the theories of integrative levels and of complex systems.

 

Life is a major source of complexity, and evolution is the major process behind the varying forms of life. In this view, evolution is the process describing the growth of complexity in the natural world and in speaking of the emergence of complex living beings and life-forms, this view refers therefore to processes of sudden changes in evolution.

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